HEAD J - MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

Head J – Ministry of Defence

Regional security environment

Mr Michael Palmer (Pasir Ris-Punggol): Sir, I beg to move,

That the total sum to be allocated for Head J of the Estimates be reduced by $100.

A lot has changed over the last year. During our last Committee of Supply debate, we were discussing the severe economic crisis that had hit the world and the measures that we were intending to implement to see us through. We were not sure how long the crisis was going to last, whether it was going to be a U-shaped or a V-shaped recovery, or some even said a W-shaped recovery.

From the security perspective, the Minister for Defence informed this House last year that there were three implications of the crisis that MINDEF was concerned with. These were, firstly, the accelerated geopolitical shifts; secondly, the social stresses which arise during a recession that may lead to increased instability; and, lastly, the threat of terrorism that overlays the first two concerns.

At this year's Committee of Supply debate, the situation is quite different. Yes, the threat of terrorism remains, but the economic climate throughout the world is very different. Countries are starting to recover. Certainly, in Asia, there is a sense of optimism. We have also seen a distinct shift in the countries that are leading the recovery. Economic power is no longer solely within the domain of the West. The US and Europe acknowledged that Asia, in particular,

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countries like China, India, South Korea and even ASEAN as a region, will play a pivotal role in the recovery process.

China appears to be playing a greater role in terms of the regional security environment. In Tuesday's edition of the Straits Times , I read an article entitled "China should aim to be World No. 1". It was a report about a book entitled, The China Dream, which was written by one of the People's Liberation Army's senior officers. The book contains a call for China to abandon its modesty about its global goals and sprint to become World No. 1. What struck me about this book was not the bold words used but the fact that it was a declaration that China had in fact goals to be World No. 1. This was followed by yesterday's announcement of a reduction in the increase of its defence budget from the usual double digit increase to a 7.5% increase from last year. But this is an increase to a budget that is in excess of $100 billion.

I also found it interesting it that in the recent disaster relief efforts in Haiti, the news reported that the Chinese humanitarian relief was deployed long before the US humanitarian efforts and, in fact, was already hard at work while Washington was still offering to send relief. India has, on the other hand, remained rather quiet while South Korea has been preoccupied with its neighbours to the north.

We got another wake up call to the threat of terrorism just yesterday when our own Navy together with those of Malaysia and Indonesia announced that they would be stepping up patrols in the Straits of Malacca after receiving warnings of possible terror threats against oil tankers plying the Straits. In light of this, may I ask the Minister the following questions:

What is MINDEF's assessment of the regional security environment? Has this

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assessment changed now that the worst of the economic crisis is behind us? Will the change in the balance of economic power, given Asia's rising economic power, affect the regional security environment? Specifically, how does MINDEF see China's role as a regional security power in general and, specifically, vis-a-vis the US? Will China be expected to take and will it take a larger role in the regional security envionment?

In the recent arms sales issue between the US and Taiwan, China strenuously opposed the US' arms sale to Taiwan. Is this a sign that China is likely to play a more dominant role in the region? Interestingly, China's Parliamentary spokesman said at the unveiling of the defence budget that this was like when two brothers are embracing, someone gives one of them a dagger, what is the motive in that?

What will MINDEF's position be vis-a-vis the US and China as regional security powers? Does MINDEF see India or South Korea playing a part in the regional security environment and, if so, what role would that be?

Lastly, does MINDEF see any other countries in the region playing a larger role in the security environment in the region?

Mr Sin Boon Ann (Tampines): Sir, in recent years, the profile of security environment within the region has changed in a fairly significant manner. This is particularly so since the September 11 attacks in the United States. The radicalisation of certain segments of the Muslim faith coupled with the separatist movements within the region have made Southeast Asia a hot bed for terrorism. From the Philippines to Indonesia and Southern Thailand, security forces have been placed on high alert against possible terrorist bombings or insurgent attacks.

Quite apart from these security threats, our region has also been affected

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by piracy, particularly along the Malacca Straits. While I agree that the action taken by the littoral states have helped to reduce the incidence of piracy in recent years, it nonetheless is still a threat to shipping in the region if we are not careful. Against the broad canvas of security situation that the region is faced with, there is a constant need for ASEAN states to work and cooperate closely to deal with these threats, to an extent that there should be an over-arching framework within which robust, efficient, effective cooperation is managed, whether in the form of information sharing or support in the deployment of security forces.

I would therefore like to ask the Minister to give this House, firstly, an update of his assessment of the security environment in the region; secondly, the state of the security architecture in the region and its effectiveness; and, finally, Singapore's present and future contribution to the challenge.

Ms Indranee Rajah (Tanjong Pagar): Mr Chairman, Mr Michael Palmer had remarked that much had changed since the last COS but one thing has not changed, which is that the world and, in particular, this region has not become any less dangerous. Like Mr Palmer, I noted with some concern the Navy advisory to be on the alert for possible maritime terrorist attacks. And what we have in this region is Singapore, a small dot in the middle of it, surrounded by other states where they are affected by their own geopolitical developments. We note, for example, that Thailand's relationship with Cambodia is the subject matter of some concern. And then we have India and China on the rise. We have Korea, we have Japan and, of course, our Southeast Asian neighbours.

Singapore, by itself, is, of course, too small to influence the region. But

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Singapore working within the framework of a regional security environment would be able to work in cooperation with other countries to affect or influence in some way the regional security environment. Sir, I would like to ask the Minister what is MINDEF's role and contribution in the regional security architecture, and what progress has been made in evolving the regional security architecture.

Regional security and challenges

Dr Teo Ho Pin (Bukit Panjang): Sir, the security of Singapore is dependent upon our relations with other countries, the strength of our defence forces and also the political stability of our region. The recent nuclear and missile tests in North Korea, continuing terrorist attacks and growing political tensions in our neighbouring countries have posed new challenges to our regional security.

With regard to nuclear weapons threats, Singapore is the first to sign the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) which aims to halt the trafficking and spread of nuclear weapons. But there is still much to be done to seek the co-operation of other countries to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction. Regional security forums, such as ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), the Six-party talks, and the Annual Shangri-La dialogues have also provided useful platforms for countries to stay engaged to further enhance security. Despite that, the security architecture in our region remains challenging as many of these forums have been criticised to be mere talk shop forums.

Sir, as a concerned member of security risks, Singapore has undertaken a number of initiatives to engage the global community. We have been actively engaging many countries in both diplomatic relations, and defence co-operation. We have also signed defence co-operation agreements with Australia,

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New Zealand, India, China and Vietnam. Such arrangements provide many opportunities for our defence forces to interact and strengthen our relations with countries in the region thus enhancing security. I wish to ask the Minister what more can Singapore do to further enhance our security.

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Sir, I am glad that MINDEF has set up a Special Operations Taskforce to harness the capabilities of our elite soldiers to respond more effectively to various security threats especially terrorist attacks.

The Mumbai terrorist attack has provided useful lessons that it is essential to integrate our land, sea, and air security forces to better counter terrorism.

Sir, I understand that security will always be work-in-progress and the security landscape is changing so rapidly. Thus, I wish to seek the following clarifications from the Minister. First, can the Ministry provide an update on the regional security and challenges facing Singapore? Second, what roles do Singapore play in ensuring peace and stability in the region in spite of the strategic competition among major powers? And three, what are our defence capabilities in terms of protecting the air, land and sea security in Singapore?

Bilateral defence relationships

Ms Indranee Rajah: Sir, in the course of being a member of the GPC for Defence, I have had the opportunity to visit some of our exercises overseas. And one of the things that struck me is that our relationship with Armed Forces from other countries at the both country level as well Armed Forces level, is very much like relationships between individuals where there is interaction and co-operation; you have strong, good personal ties. And that seems to be the case as well with the

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Armed Forces since they have been working together. I had the opportunity to visit the Mountain Home Airforce Space where we have our F15 squadron and the commander of the base had nothing but praise for the Singaporeans who were working there. It dawned on me that really, in the context of defence relationships, our bilateral relationships are extremely important because they build up a strong foundation with which we can work with other Armed Forces and that enables us, on a global basis, to carry out the defence responsibilities in a much better way. So, I would like to ask the Minister what is the status of our bilateral defence relationships, particularly with the major powers, such as the US and China as well as within the region with our neighbours.

Security threats to Singapore

Mr Sin Boon Ann: Sir, Singapore was pleased and was able to breath a sigh of relieve last year when Malaysians finally caught Mas Selamat Kastari, a known terrorist on-the-run. Singaporeans may be happy with the latest development but we know that the capture of Mas Selamat would not put to rest the ever-present threat to security that Singapore is faced with. Indeed Singapore is known to be a prized and high-profile target not just for terrorists from the region, but I believe, Sir, also terrorists from outside it as well. It is often said that the odds are not with us. We have to get it right all the time whereas the terrorist has to get it right only once. Indeed, our assessment of the security threat has led us to deploy forces as far away as the Middle East. We know that Members of the Jemaah Islamiah (JI), a known terrorist group, received training in Afghanistan. I believe that ensuring the peace and stability of Iraq and Afghanistan will help to remove these places from the list of places that potential terrorists such as JI can turn to for help. So far, our contribution has been confined to building and medical

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assistance. The contribution may be small in comparison to others, it is nonetheless significant for a small country like Singapore. On the homefront, I am grateful to note that the SAF has also stepped up its efforts to protect our vital installations and they were quick to respond to the new intelligence that our vital shipping interests are now under threat of attack, as we have heard and found out in today's papers.

The presence of these armed men patrolling the corridors of our airport, for instance, and our vital installations gives the strong assurance to others, how seriously Singapore takes the security challenge. Personally, I am satisfied that SAF is up to the mark in dealing with this threat and for which I am sure Singaporeans are most grateful. Nonetheless, we know that security threats are still out here and exist. I would be grateful if Minister can give this House an assessment on the current situation of the threat to our security and if possible to share with this House what are other possible measures the Government is taking to deal with these threats.

Humanitarian and peacekeeping missions

Dr Lam Pin Min (Ang Mo Kio): Mr Chairmain, Sir, Singapore's involvement in international humanitarian and peace-keeping missions has increased over the years. Since the 1980s, the SAF had participated in many humanitarian and United Nation's peace-keeping missions. These include places like Aceh and central Java, Taiwan, East Timor, Iraq and Afghanistan, just to name a few. Whilst I understand the need for Singapore to play its part as a global citizen, such missions are not without risk to the lives of our servicemen. I would, therefore, like to ask the Minister the following questions:

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(a) What is the rationale for Singapore's involvement in missions situated far way such as in the Middle East and beyond;

(b) Are our servicemen adequately trained and equipped to operate in these hostile conditions;

(c) Are risk analysis performed before a decision is made to proceed with a particular mission;

(d) and lastly, will Singapore ever take part in peace enforcement missions in the future?

Fight against terrorism

Ms Ellen Lee (Sembawang): Sir, numerous terrorist incidents have happenned in Asia and in our neighbouring countries. Most importantly, the breadth and tactics deployed by these terrorist elements have increased in complexity and impact. Singapore is a small city-state surrounded by water and terror threats against our country can come in any form. Our security forces have initiated numerous exercises to handle terrorist incidents in Singapore since September 11. The ISD arrests and detentions including the escape of Mas Selamat still remain fresh in our minds. These remind us of our vulnerabilities and the daunting challenges facing us as a nation. In view of the spate of terrorist incidents in our region and globally, what preventive measures are we taking at all levels of the Government and what new capabilities is our Government plan to further augment or enhance to combat against terrorism?

Terrorism

Dr Lily Neo (Jalan Besar): Mr Chairman, Sir, we have managed our guard against terrorism rather well so far. We have had two major international events, the International Monetary Fund meeting and the APEC meeting, where we hosted many of the world's top leaders without any glitches. More importantly, we have hosted these distinguished guests without

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them having to worry about security and threats to their lives. Indeed, our security-related agencies deserve high commendations for accomplishing this. And, this year, we will be hosting another major event involving the many young future leaders of the world. Many would become leaders of the sporting world while others would go on to be leaders in other fields, possibly in the political arena.

Sir, the threat from terrorism is much like the threat from a computer virus. It is everywhere and not visible. But unlike the computer virus, terrorism strikes with more overwhelming effects and is often extremely damaging. It is not just the damage to computers, it is the loss of lives and limbs, the destruction of properties and possessions as well as the destabilisation of social and economic environment. We need, therefore, to be constantly vigilant against the threat from terrorism. Sir, may I ask what is MINDEF doing to keep Singapore secure against terrorism?

The Mumbai bombing, where a young and promising Singaporean lost her life, is about the closest we have come to feeling the effects of terrorism. Whilst that was regrettable and highly unnecessary, we really could not do much about something happening so far from home. It would be very different if that were to happen here. That is why, we need to be vigilant; we need to be proactive and we need to be constantly on our guard.

To be vigilant and proactive is not just the work of our intelligence agencies. Has the SAF been proactive in working with other Singapore agencies to defend against terror threats? Although our defence forces play an equally vital role in the fight against terrorism, each and every of us also see it as our duty and responsibility to contribute to the cause. How is MINDEF ensuring that all citizens are integrated into efforts to defend against terrorism?

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Restructuring of SAF and contributions to homeland security

Ms Indranee Rajah: Mr Chairman, Sir, the security environment today is a very complex one and the SAF has to make and maintain the capability, not only of conventional warfare but at the same time, to deal with unconventional threats. Terrorism remains a clear and present danger and in fact, terrorists are resourceful and creative and think of new ways in which to spread terror. For example, 9-11, was an attack by air, the Bali bombings were on land, the Mumbai attacks were by sea. The methods in which they were carried out and the resources that they used were different. The SAF has to deal with such unpredictable attacks and at the same time, needs to be quick, nimble and effective on all fronts. This has to apply not just to operational things on the ground but to intelligence gathering, operational capability; and that capability has to be executed not just in the jungle but also in the urban environment. I would like to ask the Minister, in the phase of these challenges, how was the SAF restructuring itself to meet the complex security challenges of today and how it is contributing to homeland security?

Integration of SAF personnel

Dr Fatimah Lateef (Marine Parade): Sir, the SAF continues to evolve itself, adapting to the latest in technology and also intelligence. All these are in line with moving into the 3rd Generation SAF. The minds of criminals too continue to be more complex with all the web of intricacies such as those seen in the movies. With more and more recent incidents related to safety and security and terrorism such as the escape of Mas Selamat, and of course, airport and border security, what steps are being executed to ensure SAF personnel are well

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integrated to work and co-ordinate with our other forces and groups from the Home Team? This is in particular regards to homeland security.

3rd Generation SAF

Mr Michael Palmer: Mr Chairman, Sir, the SAF embarked on its transformation to a 3rd Generation SAF in 2004. The aim was to become a leaner and more potent fighting force that will use technology as leverage to deal with threats. As part of this transformation, the SAF invested in a range of hardware; the RSS Archer submarines, the G550 AEW aircraft, leapa rd tanks, formidable class stealth frigates, F15, SG fighters, to name a few.

In our 3G SAF, the power of this technology lies not only in the fact that we have it, it lies in the network capabilities of these machines thereby giving the force most speed, precision and mobility. To this end, they was a concerted effort to network and connect each different component part so as to enable all parts to work as a whole. But the cornerstone of the success in this transformation process and of the success of the 3G SAF as a potent fighting force must the quality of its people. I believe that the SAF must prepare its people with the appropriate mental attitude and skill-sets needed to ensure that the platforms and systems available are used with the maximum of efficiency and effectiveness. They need to be multi-skilled, flexible and be able to adapt to a wide range of constantly changing demands on the ground. The people that make up our SAF must have a "never say die" spirit. In fact, I would not be wrong to say that the men and women of our SAF must not think themselves excluded from our drive to achieve higher levels of productivity.

They must re-skill, up-skill and multi-skill so that they can work cheaper, better

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and faster; but also safer and smarter. The change to a 3G SAF is to be commended. I have seen it working first hand in my many visits to SAF units in overseas exercises such as Exercise "Wallaby" and Exercise "Black in Warrior". It will ensure that our SAF remains a force to be reckoned with and I have every confidence in the men and women of our SAF. In light of the fact that it has been some six years since the SAF embarked from this transformation to a 3G SAF, may I ask the Minister to provide an update on our transformation? Does the Minister envisage when the transformation will be completed or is it an on-going process or if aspects of the transformation remain to be completed, do we envisage a 4th Generation SAF?

Could the Minister provide an update on the SAF's operational readiness? Has the transformation process to a 3G SAF affected the SAF's operational readiness? In terms of its manpower, with our policy of integrating and nationalising more foreigners, the SAF would have seen a growing number of permanent residents serving National Service. May I ask the Minister if the SAF is facing any difficulties with the integration of these permanent residents who are doing their National Service? Does this affect the SAF as a cohesive fighting force and may I reiterate the hon. Member, Mr Seah Kian Peng's suggestion about introducing a short period of National Service for our male new citizens. Finally, I know that the SAF trains in many parts of the world. The defence cooperation agreement with Indonesia remains on hold. Has the SAF considered training in Timor-Leste?

Dr Mohamad Maliki Bin Osman: Mr Chairman, the transformation in SAF into its 3rd Generation SAF vision has been ongoing. We have seen the acquisition of the new state of the art equipment to increase our defence capabilities in all the three services. I would like to ask the Minister

to provide the House with an

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update of the SAF transformation, how much of the transformation has been completed and how much more we have to go? What is the impact of this transformation on the resources in the Ministry, both in monetary and human resource terms.

Sir, with the rapid rate of the technological developments, how is MINDEF certain that the lifespan of the 3G equipment that have procured its worth the investments put in? Sir, as this year's Budget focuses on the key word "productivity", I would like to ask the Minister for his assessment on the impact of the 3G transformation on SAF personnels' level of productivity, particularly amongst our operation-ready national servicemen. How are these servicemen coping with the transformation as many would probably be more familiar with the older equipment used when they were doing their full-time national service.

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Dr Lam Pin Min: Mr Chairman, may I have your permission to take the two cuts together?

The Chairman: Yes.

Defence spending

Dr Lam Pin Min: Mr Chairman, Sir, the Chinese have an ancient saying, "( In Mandarin ) 养兵千日, 用在一朝 ( Yang bing qian ri, yong zai yi zhao )".

In essence, it means that the maintenance of a military force, although costly and tedious, is vital to the survival of a nation, as we may one day need it to fend off our enemies.

Singapore is fortunate to have enjoyed peace and harmony for the past four decades. In addition to training for conventional warfare, our SAF has also taken other roles such as battling

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terrorism, low-intensity conflict, peacekeeping and humanitarian and disaster relief missions. Of course, the SAF is also instrumental in organising the many wonderful National Day parades we have enjoyed for so many years.

However, on a backdrop of a global economic crisis that has affected many countries worldwide, including Singapore and our regional neighbours, I would like to ask the Minister the following:

(a) Has MINDEF's policy on defence spending changed following this economic crisis;

(b) What is MINDEF's defence capability and built-up strategy over the mid- and long- term, taking into consideration the geo-political climate and development in the region?

Defence research and development

The technological advancement in warfare and weaponry is vital in gaining a superior edge over one's potential adversary. This is also in line with Sun Tzu's military strategy of overcoming the enemy with as little resources as possible.

Being a small country, it is imperative that our armed forces be strong enough to act as deterrent to any potential enemy. However, technological advancement and military superiority can only be achieved with prudent investment in research and development. The transformation to a 3G SAF fighting force involves hardware, software and liveware improvements.

I would like to ask the Minister:

(a) How much is MINDEF investing in defence research and development to enhance the capabilities of our 3G SAF;

(b) What areas is MINDEF focusing on;

(c) How have these investment paid off, and

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(d) What are the tangible benefits to the SAF servicemen on the ground?

Basic military training

Mr Michael Palmer: Sir, the SAF recently announced a series of changes to its Basic Military Training (BMT) Programme. These changes centre around introducing periods and types of training for recruits, who fall in different physical employment status (PES). For PES A and B recruits, they will continue to undergo the nine-week BMT. Those PES A and B recruits who are not up to the mark in terms of their physical fitness will have to undergo an eight-week physical training phase (PTP), in addition to the nine-week BMT. Other key changes include a 19-week BMT for PES B recruits, or four-week BMT for PES E recruits, a nine-week BMT for PES C recruits, and nine-week BMT for PES B2 recruits. May I ask the Minister to please explain the rationale for these changes, what is the broader training philosophy behind BMT, and are these changes part of that philosophy? I believe that the PES A and B recruits who have scored a silver or above their national physical fitness awards (NAPFA) test are exempted from the eight-week PTP. What percentage of enlistees in each intake actually qualify for this exemption? I also understand that statistics show that the students from the polytechnics have the lowest number qualifying for the eight-week exemption from the PTP. What is MINDEF doing to increase these numbers and to increase the state of physical readiness for BMT in general, amongst all students?

Dr Fatimah Lateef: Sir, SAF recently announced a series of changes to the BMT and one of these being the change for the recruits for training will become prolong, from 15 weeks to 19 weeks. It is estimated that about 10% of the recruits will fall into this category. Also, the other

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group that will be affected will be those with medical conditions which is estimated to be about 6%. For the latter group, the training will now be increased to nine weeks. We all know that it is being said that BMT makes men out of boys. Can the Minister please elaborate on the rationale for these new changes and how they tie in with the broader philosophy of training for our men, so that parents can understand them better?

Individual physical proficiency test (IPPT)

Dr Lam Pin Min: Sir, the Individual Physical Proficiency Test (IPPT) used by the SAF to assess the physical fitness of our soldiers has been around since the mid 1970s. Over the years, new methods and equipment for fitness training as well as a better understanding of exercise physiology have evolved. Although it has been useful over the past two to three decades, I believe it is due for a review to examine its relevance to our 3G SAF servicemen.

I would like to ask the Minister:

(a) What are the objectives of the various exercise stations in IPPT and how effective and relevant are they in measuring the overall fitness of our servicemen; and

(b) With the 3G SAF, what physical attributes in servicemen are deemed important and how can these attributes be assessed appropriately?

Operationally ready National Service liability and tertiary education

Ms Jessica Tan Soon Neo (East Coast): Mr Chairman, with Singapore's diverse education landscape and choice for tertiary and degree education, more students are studying full-time in institutions like SIM, uniSIM, MDIS, Kaplan, PSB Academy, LaSalle, SOTA and

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many other private institutions. For these students who have Operationally Ready National Service (ORNS) liability, to be called up for In-Camp Training (ICT) during the regular school term would imply that these students will have to be away from their studies for two to three weeks of ICT. This does have an impact on their course of study during the period that they are away. I have seen several cases during my Meet-the-People Sessions when they come to request for my assistance to appeal after the initial requests for deferment are not successful. And in a couple of these cases, the students are quite anxious, as they were in preparation for examinations. As I understand currently, students in the three mainstream universities – NUS, NTU and SMU – are not called up during school term for ORNS liability. In line with the spirit of the Budget 2010, which calls for a culture of learning, innovation, increase productivity and inclusive growth for Singapore, can MINDEF review the relevance of the current deferrment policy of ICT for ORNS liability for full-time tertiary students during their school term? While we need to ensure that operational readiness of the SAF is not adversely affected and this will require more coordination and planning with the institutions, I do hope that MINDEF will give this consideration, examining how this can be done to align to the greater choices of university and tertiary education that are available for our students in Singapore.

Full-time National Servicemen enlistment and NS call-up policies

Mr Viswa Sadasivan: Recognising the impact of National Service, MINDEF has been fine-tuning the policies and practices governing enlistment and NS call-ups to cater as much as possible to the diverse interests of those affected.

In this regard, I have two specific suggestions. First, enlistment for full-time National Servicemen. I would suggest that

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MINDEF gives greater thought to how we can make it less inconvenient and stressful for those residing abroad. Firstly, we should be pleased that they are committed enough to do National Service. It is important that this goodwill and appreciation is conveyed during the various interactions which start when the enlistee turns 17. This is also the time when the enlistee and his parents are pre-occupied with university admission – which can be stressful as most overseas universities may not be sympathetic to National Service commitment and the need to defer studies for two years. The enlistment paperwork can be quite intense, often requiring them to make trips to Singapore, which can be costly. Finally, exactly when he is enlisted is a matter of significance. Typically, the university term overseas starts in September. If the enlistee is assigned to an intake after September, say, in February, he would miss the university enrolment date two years down the line. This means he loses an additional year, on top of the two-year National Service. Besides, some universities may not keep the vacancy for an additional year. Yes, we need to treat all enlistees fairly. But the opportunity cost for overseas enlistees, I believe, is higher. Would MINDEF consider giving greater assurance to affected enlistees that they can defer a few months before so that they would not have to miss university enrolment? This would provide much needed comfort and peace of mind – resulting in the enlistee doing National Service in a positive frame of mind.

Second, call-ups for NSmen. There are instances where NSmen are called up for in-camp training twice in a calendar year, which can be very disruptive for the NSmen and their employers. This happens because MINDEF works on a fiscal year basis which means that if you are called up in January and then again after March – it registers as two separate years. But

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for the NSman and his employer, work commitments and leave are based on the calendar year. This anomaly needs to be rationalised as they can erode goodwill and commitment in good NSmen and employers.

I would like to end by acknowledging that it is not easy to cater to the interests of such a large and diverse group. But when we see a policy or practice inadvertently affecting a significant number of enlistees which could erode commitment, we need to go the extra mile. The system should send a strong signal to those who evade, and an equally strong signal to those who step forward to serve.

The Chairman: Mr Chiam is not around. Ms Ellen Lee, you have two consecutive cuts together.

Ms Ellen Lee: Sir, can I take two cuts together?

The Chairman: Yes, please.

RECORD V recommendation

Ms Ellen Lee: Sir, the RECORD V's recommendations were first announced at a press conference on 27th August 2009. The recommendations aim to address the rising aspirations of National Servicemen and better reflect their greater responsibilities and leadership roles. They also aim to help NSmen remain connected to their workplace, encourage fitness amongst NSmen and recognise contributions from NSmen's families. Sir, I request the Minister for Defence to provide this House with an update on the implementation of the entire slew of RECORD V's recommendations and the response or feedback from NSmen on the recommendations both from SAF and non-SAF NSmen.

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Total defence

Sir, we just commemorated the 26th year of Total Defence on 15th February 2010, the day Singapore fell to the Japanese in 1942. It is good to remind ourselves why we commemorate it annually.

All Singaporeans have a responsibility to defend Singapore. The threats we face today are manifold and multi-dimensional, ranging from terrorism, racial and religious tensions and conflicts, pandemics, global economic crisis and economic disruptions, natural disasters, energy, water and food scarcity, piracy, illegal migration to cyber crimes, amongst others.

With the geo-political and global operating landscape and threats (both military and non-military) constantly changing, defending our nation has gone beyond the traditional use of force and rules of engagement.

The challenges are further exacerbated by our highly interconnected and globalised world. Today, what begins as a problem in another country far away can have severe ramifications on us, our economy and our social fabric.

I wish to ask the Minister whether our concept and strategy of Total Defence have changed and how do we re-invent ourselves to better prepare as a country and as Singaporeans towards "Total Defence". What programmes and initiatives will be rolled out to further reach out and entrench the message of "Total Defence"?

Youth and total defence

Dr Teo Ho Pin: Sir, the first and second generations of Singaporeans had experienced war and social unrests. Many appreciate the peace and harmony we enjoy in today's politically stable environment. Unfortunately, many youths

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have not seen political instability and bloodshed, and thus cannot understand their roles in defending Singapore. Although National Service has been introduced for more than 30 years, many young Singaporeans may not know how to take defence very seriously. Sir, this is indeed a very worrying trend and calls for more engagement of the youths to increase the operational readiness of Singapore in Total Defence.

Sir, the concept of Total Defence is that all Singaporeans should play a role in defending Singapore. There are five key pillars in Total Defence namely: Military defence, Civil defence, Economic defence, Social defence and Psychological defence. We need a framework to measure our achievements in Total Defence. How do we measure the Total Defence operational readiness of our people?

Sir, another challenge in Total Defence is the inculcation of values among our youths to take the defence of our country seriously. I know that MINDEF has various programmes such as N.E.mation, I will contest and Edugame to engage the youths in Total Defence. I am not sure if these initiatives have strengthened the fighting and defence spirit among our youths.

Sir, playing computer games and participating in competitions may not make our youths more loyal and committed to defending Singapore in times of actual crisis. We need to better structure our Total Defence efforts to ensure that our youths develop the dare and guts to defend our country.

Sir, I wish to ask the Minister the following questions:

(a) What is the strategy in ensuring that all Singaporeans especially the young are committed to the Total Defence of Singapore;

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(b) Can MINDEF provide an update of efforts in engaging youths in Total Defence both in the virtual and real world? How does MINDEF measure the commitment of youths in Total Defence;

(c) With increasing mobility of Singaporeans, what mechanisms are in place to recall Singaporeans to defend our country in times of need?

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Commitment to defence

Ms Indranee Rajah: Sir, I would like to ask the Minister what steps MINDEF is taking to ensure that Singaporeans remain committed to defence and what more can be done to engage Singaporeans at a personal level.

We have the concept of Total Defence but I can tell you that, to the average Singaporean, Total Defence means leaving it totally to the SAF. Many people are still not familiar with the concept that it is each and every person's responsibility to participate in our country's defence.

This year, Chinese New Year was on 15th February, and the alarm was sounded. Someone asked me why the alarm was being sounded, was it to celebrate the first day of Chinese New Year? I explained that it was not. It was because 15th February was the day that we fell to the Japanese. So, MINDEF might be actually better off trying to link it with Valentine's Day, which is 14th February, and tell everybody that after love comes war.

The importance of messaging is quite important and, if it is not done properly, it can be a problem. Recently, I was interviewed for PIONEER , which is the NSmen's magazine, and there was a picture of me there sitting on top of a tank. Lawyers are a conservative lot. One of my fellow directors heard about this and came to see me to demand why I had

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appeared in a men's magazine in a tank top. [ Laughter .] If the message does not go across clearly, then, you know, the intended objective may not be achieved. So, I would ask MINDEF to get out the concept of Total Defence in a clear and precise way to Singaporeans.

Engaging youths in defence

The Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for National Development (Dr Mohamad Maliki Bin Osman): Mr Chairman, Singapore has experienced relative peace, largely due to the effectiveness of our security forces, both in the home and the defence team. We can never take this peace for granted and assume that it is the role of the security agencies alone. Singaporeans, particularly the young, must understand that everyone has a role to play in ensuring Singapore's defence and security. The youths of our future and their attitudes will shape their actions and have serious implications on the future of Singapore. Today, I think, the issues of defence will only appear on the radar screen of our youths when boys near the age of NS enlistment. Even then, I guess the discussion will revolve around how to cope with the physical demands of basic military training.

Sir, there is more that MINDEF can do to engage youths to take a greater stake in our country's defence. Our youths are exposed and interact with many youths from other countries, either through exchange programmes or simply through interaction with foreign students studying here.

This year, we will play host to the inaugural Youth Olympics. We should engage our youths to ensure that they do not take our defence and security for granted and, perhaps, provide a better perspective on Singapore's world view as

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they interact with their foreign counterparts.

Can the Minister provide an update on MINDEF's programme in engaging young Singaporeans constructively in defence and security issues, and what more can be done to increase the level of interest amongst young Singaporeans on the role they can play in our defence?

The Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Defence (Mr Teo Chee Hean): Mr Chairman, Sir, I would like to thank the hon. Members for their comments and questions, and also for their continued commitment to Singapore's defence and security.

Sir, Mr Michael Palmer, Dr Teo Ho Pin and Mr Sin Boon Ann asked for our assessment of the regional security environment. The strategic realignments that began before the economic crisis have continued apace. Asian economies have weathered the crisis relatively well, especially so for India and China. While the US will continue to be pre-eminent over the next few decades, in economic, military and technological terms, the balance of global economic weight has shifted eastwards. The strategic weight of Asian powers, particularly China and India, will grow. These two countries will become more confident and will want to play a greater role in global and regional affairs. As their economic ties with our region strengthen, they would also have a greater stake in regional peace and stability. Indeed, both these countries are actively engaging countries in the Asia-Pacific, both bilaterally and multilaterally. These are positive developments. Within our region, countries such as Vietnam, along with Indonesia, will play a larger role in the years to come as they continue with their restructuring and modernisation.

In the coming decades, therefore, the Asia-Pacific will inevitably become the

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strategic area of focus for the major powers. South-east Asia, with its strategic sea-lanes, resources and markets, sits at the centre of the region and is the arena where their interests intersect.

The key question, of course, is how the US-China relationship will develop in the coming years. While there have been strains in the US-China relationship in recent weeks, both countries clearly see it in their interest to have stable and cooperative relations in the long term. In the joint statement released during President Obama's visit to China last November, both sides recognised they have, I quote, "an increasingly broad base of cooperation and share increasingly important common responsibilities". On our part, we do hope that the US and China will maintain a positive and cooperative relationship as this is critical to maintaining regional stability, which provides the foundation for economic development and prosperity.

Dr Teo Ho Pin asked about our response to the increased strategic competition amongst the major powers. An open regional security architecture plays an important role in sustaining long-term regional peace and stability by encouraging countries to engage constructively. As new patterns of strategic relations are formed, the regional security architecture must continue to develop apace. This will facilitate the peaceful rise of emerging powers, promote responsible norms of international behaviour and manage potential flashpoints.

Ms Indranee Rajah and Mr Sin Boon Ann asked about MINDEF's role in strengthening the regional security architecture. Sir, in the past year, the ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting (ADMM) is one area where ASEAN countries have focused our efforts. The ADMM has moved in the direction of practical cooperation. For instance, we reached agreement on cooperation in

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humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, an important non-traditional security issue. The ADMM has also made significant headway in evolving the ADMM-Plus, which facilitates ASEAN's defence engagement with our partners in the larger Asia-Pacific region at the ministerial level. Vietnam, which is the chair of ASEAN in 2010, will take the ADMM-Plus process forward later this year.

The Shangri-La Dialogue (SLD) that is held in Singapore annually, and attended by 27 countries in 2009, has also grown from strength to strength. The ninth SLD will be held in June this year. The SLD remains the only defence forum in Asia that brings together Ministers, senior officials, industry leaders and academics for a frank exchange of views on defence and security issues, which will help to create mutual understanding and shared norms.

Sir, our multilateral engagements are supported by an extensive web of bilateral defence relations, which Ms Indranee Rajah asked about. Our defence ties with Malaysia and Indonesia are important and longstanding. The SAF and Malaysian Armed Forces engage in regular interactions, including bilateral exercises, high-level visits and professional exchanges. Both armed forces also collaborate closely in the Malacca Strait Patrols and the Five Power Defence Arrangements. At Malaysia's invitation, two F-16 fighters and two Apache helicopters from the RSAF participated in the flying display at the Langkawi International Maritime and Aerospace exhibition last year. Senior Malaysian defence officials also attended the Singapore Airshow this year. When Defence Minister Zahid Hamidi and I met on the sidelines of the Singapore Airshow, we both agreed to expand our bilateral defence exchanges and interactions. As an example, I met General Rodzali, the RMAF Chief who is here on a visit this

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morning. He and our Chief of Air Force are discussing initiatives to increase exchanges and interactions between our two air forces. All these interactions have further enhanced our friendly bilateral defence ties with Malaysia.

There are regular and wide-ranging interactions between the SAF and the Indonesian National Defence Forces. These include longstanding exercises between our two armies, air forces and navies, as well as bilateral meetings, the cross-attendance of courses and other professional exchanges. The two armed forces also cooperate closely in maritime patrols and maritime information sharing. As this House is aware, after the South Sumatra earthquake last September, the SAF sent medical and engineering teams to assist in the relief efforts. We are also working with the Indonesian defence establishment to explore opportunities to expand cooperation for mutual benefit.

With Brunei and Thailand, and increasingly with Vietnam, we also enjoy especially close defence relations. Besides our neighbours, we have similarly built up our defence ties with key players in the Asia-Pacific.

The US remains one of our strongest and closest defence partners. We continue to welcome a strong US presence in our region, which provides an important stabilising influence. US forces visit Changi Naval Base and Paya Lebar Air Base regularly, and we conduct high-end professional exercises with them. Since the conclusion of the Strategic Framework Agreement in 2005, professional exchanges between the US and Singapore armed forces have expanded. Last year, we inaugurated Peace Carvin V, our F-15SG detachment in Mountain Home, Idaho. The detachment joins our existing F-16, Chinook and Apache training detachments in the US. Our naval

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helicopters are currently undergoing integration training in San Diego together with one of our frigates. One indication of the many exchanges we have is this morning, again, I received a call from the Commander of the US Pacific fleet who is here on a visit.

We have also strengthened our defence relationship with China, holding the first bilateral training exercise between Singapore and China last June. This was a joint training exercise focused on the conduct of security operations for major events, in which the Chinese forces have a lot of experience in after the Beijing Olympics. The training exercise provided a platform for developing mutual understanding between both armed forces. With India, our relations continue to develop very productively with all the three Services conducting exercises together with their counterparts in India.

Singapore has also deepened our defence relations with other key regional partners. We signed bilateral defence cooperation agreements with Japan, the Republic of Korea, New Zealand and Vietnam last year. These agreements reflect the commitment of the parties to further cooperate in bilateral areas of mutual interest. With Australia, we renewed the Shoalwater Bay Training Area Memorandum of Agreement, which allows the SAF to train at Shoalwater Bay for another 10 years.

Sir, Singapore is very grateful to our friends for their support for the SAF's overseas training, an issue which Mr Michael Palmer asked about. Today, the SAF trains in about a dozen countries around the world, which has enabled us to overcome our land and airspace constraints and to address the SAF's training needs.

Dr Teo Ho Pin and Mr Sin Boon Ann asked about the security challenges confronting us. Indeed these challenges

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are varied, complex and fluid. Allow me to elaborate on two challenges – maritime security and terrorism.

By endangering the freedom of navigation and the safety of international shipping, threats to maritime security such as piracy and maritime terrorism can impact the global economy and international security. As a maritime nation, such threats are of utmost concern to Singapore. Many Members have read in the newspapers today that our Navy had received information on possible terror threats against vessels in the Malacca Strait. The Navy has stepped up the frequency of patrols in our waters. Commercial ships are also encouraged to take proactive security measures in the meantime. The relevant Singapore agencies have also been working closely with our regional partners to address this potential risk. The Maritime Security Task Force has also been coordinating a whole-of-Government response with the relevant Singapore agencies, such as the Police Coast Guard and Maritime and Port Authority, to step up measures to address this potential threat.

As this issue illustrates, threats to maritime security continue to be real and immediate. Countering this threat requires a coordinated effort – by governments acting alone and also in cooperation with one another.

In our immediate region, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand have been conducting coordinated patrols to enhance the security of the Malacca Strait.

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In addition to such operational arrangements, it is important to improve information sharing for the early detection of maritime threats and to coordinate responses.

To this end, Singapore has established an Information Fusion Centre

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(IFC) at the Changi Command and Control Centre. The IFC has been purpose-built as a maritime security hub to collate and analyse information shared among an international network of partners, to facilitate timely and effective responses to maritime threats. Thus far, six countries, including countries as far away as France, have stationed liaison officers at the IFC. We expect more countries to do so in the coming months.

Beyond our region, piracy in the Gulf of Aden, which is a key shipping lane, remains an international concern. While the SAF’s focus continues to be the security of the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, we are also playing our part in the Gulf of Aden. This is because we recognise that it is not possible for any one country to protect its own shipping in all the world’s key sea lanes. All countries therefore have to depend on cooperative efforts to secure the sea lanes for everyone’s use. From April to July last year, we deployed a Task Group comprising a Landing Ship Tank and two Super Puma helicopters to contribute to the counter-piracy efforts. The Task Group worked within the framework of the multinational Combined Task Force 151 (CTF 151) to enhance the security of ships transiting through the Gulf of Aden.

We remain committed to these counter-piracy efforts. As I speak, a senior Singaporean naval officer – supported by an SAF command team – is in command of CTF 151. We had accepted the invitation by the Combined Maritime Forces HQ to assume command of CTF 151 for a period of three months, from mid-January to mid-April this year. This invitation illustrates the high regard in which other armed forces hold the SAF. As a signal of our continued commitment to this international effort, Singapore has decided to deploy a second Task Group comprising a Landing Ship Tank with two Super Pumas from June to October this

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year, as well as a Maritime Patrol Aircraft from December 2010 to February 2011.

Sir, another key security challenge confronting us is terrorism, something which Ms Ellen Lee and Dr Lily Neo raised. Mr Sin and Dr Lam also asked about our deployments for international security operations.

Terrorism remains a persistent threat to all nations, and cannot be resolved by just any one nation acting on its own. Afghanistan remains a key arena for the international effort against terrorism. In December last year, the US announced the new Afghan strategy, ordering the deployment of 30,000 more US troops to Afghanistan. We support the US’ continued commitment in Afghanistan. This will help stabilise the country and prevent extremists from again using Afghanistan to export terrorism to rest of the world, including our own region, with direct implications for our security. We are committed to contributing, within our means and in a useful way, to the multinational efforts in Afghanistan.

We currently have a Weapon Locating Radar detachment and a medical team deployed in Oruzgan province. In April this year, following the completion of our medical team's deployment, we will deploy a surgical team to Oruzgan for the first time. I had the opportunity to visit our soldiers in Afghanistan last November and saw first-hand the contributions of our personnel. The feedback I received from the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) commanders showed that our deployments are making a valued contribution towards the stabilisation and reconstruction efforts. We also continue to deploy construction engineering teams in Bamiyan province. We have also informed our coalition partners that we are prepared to deploy a KC-135 aerial

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refuelling tanker and an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Task Group to Afghanistan.

Here at home, the SAF continues to work closely with the homefront agencies to defend against increasingly sophisticated terror threats against Singapore. I will elaborate further when I speak about how the SAF is restructuring to meet more complex security challenges.

Sir, every international deployment that the SAF undertakes is carefully considered. Such deployments do involve risks to our servicemen, which can be significant. However, where there is real and important work to be done, there will be attendant risks. Therefore, we must make sure that our servicemen are well equipped and trained, and receive additional training specific to their mission and area of operation.

Sir, even as we contribute to international and regional security, the primary mission of the SAF remains to deter any threats, and to defend Singapore. I reported to this House in March 2004 that the SAF had embarked on a transformation journey to ensure that it meets current and future operational requirements.

Mr Michael Palmer, Dr Maliki, Dr Teo and Dr Lam Pin Min asked about the SAF's transformation and build-up plans. The key building blocks of the 3rd Generation SAF are now in place. While there is still work to be done, we now have a firm foundation for the continued development of the 3rd Generation SAF.

Three building blocks form the foundation of the 3rd Generation SAF. First, acquiring new equipment and building new units to transform the SAF into an advanced, networked force. Second, re-organising the SAF into new operational command structures to deal with an expanded spectrum of operations, at home and overseas. And, third, developing our people through new and

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enhanced career schemes as well as revising training and curriculum, so that we have capable and committed people to meet the requirements of the 3rd Generation SAF.

Sir, let me elaborate on the transformation of the SAF into an advanced, networked force. The most visible part of this transformation is the progressive introduction of newer and more capable systems into the SAF which I think some Members are familiar with. Less visible but just as important is the integration of land, maritime and air forces into a network-centric force that can seamlessly tap on each Service's capabilities.

Let me elaborate. The Navy's new frigates are able to dominate a larger sea area, a much larger sea area, than the 1970s-era missile gunboats which they replaced. They have Sikorsky S-70B naval helicopters, which further adds to the frigates' ability to undertake anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare missions at longer ranges. Each frigate's sophisticated command, control and communications suite thus allows it to network with a wide variety of SAF assets, including air-borne sensors and land-based sensors. This increases force-level awareness and mission effectiveness.

The Army's Terrex combat vehicles which are now coming into service are also equipped with a Battlefield Management System. This allows each vehicle to network with other parts of the SAF, and bring to bear firepower from land and air platforms, such as our new High-Mobility Artillery Rocket System and Apache helicopters. The Air Force’s new Gulfstream Airborne Early Warning aircraft, with its extended detection range, allows the SAF to detect and track aerial targets at greater distances. This provides the whole SAF with more response times to deal with aerial threats

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and enhances the robustness of our networked air defence system.

In November last year, I visited Exercise Forging Sabre in the United States, one of a series of exercises to validate the SAF's integrated strike capabilities. Networked command centres relayed real-time information from "sensors", such as our Commando forces and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, to "shooters" such as F-16 fighter aircraft, Apache helicopters and our artillery rocket systems. The result is an enhanced ability to rapidly bring to bear precision firepower from various SAF strike platforms in an integrated way upon targets in the battlefield.

Let me now talk about the second building block of the 3rd Generation SAF, to address Mr Palmer's question about operational readiness and also Ms Rajah and Dr Fatimah Lateef's question about restructuring to meet the complex security challenges

Sir, the increasingly complex security environment has imposed heavier operational demands on the SAF. Besides its primary role of safeguarding Singapore against conventional threats, the SAF is also contributing to international security operations, humanitarian and disaster relief missions and providing support for homeland security operations.

Last year, I updated this House that the SAF was restructuring to better respond to current and future security challenges. These organisational changes have since been implemented and have made the SAF more flexible and responsive. This is the second building block of the 3rd Generation SAF. Let me give Members one example.

The SAF's High-Readiness Core comprises units on a heightened readiness posture. They are fully manned and equipped to meet operational contingencies, that may occur with little or no

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warning. These units are structured into integrated Task Forces, that can draw from forces from all three Services. This reflects the cross-service and inter-agency approach we are taking to address the cross-domain nature of today's security challenges.

The Island Defence Task Force carries out peacetime security operations such as the protection of key installations – Jurong Island, Changi Airport. As I mentioned earlier, the Maritime Security Task Force works to protect Singapore against maritime threats, and the Special Operations Task Force provides the SAF with an expanded capacity to carry out counter-terrorism and other contingency operations. Where operationally relevant, the Task Forces also work closely with Homefront and other Government agencies like the Maritime and Port Authority and Singapore Customs to keep Singapore safe. These organisational changes have given us a strengthened capability to respond to more sophisticated security threats to Singapore.

Sir, the third building block of the 3rd Generation SAF is developing our people. We recognise that our people are the key resource that will enable us to realise our transformation efforts. This means we have to attract and retain the best people, which Dr Maliki Osman asked about.

It is with this in mind that the SAF conducted a fundamental review of the SAF career schemes to better match the increasingly complex demands of the 3rd Generation SAF with the needs and aspirations of our servicemen. The SAF’s new career schemes will allow the SAF to attract, retain and groom people with the right values, motivation and abilities to deal with current and future security challenges. Dr Ng will elaborate on these initiatives when he speaks.

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Dr Maliki Osman and Dr Lam Pin Min asked about defence spending. Building effective defence capabilities takes many years. The transformation of the SAF has been possible, because of our steady and prudent long-term approach to defence spending over the years.

The Government's policy on defence spending and the defence budget remains the same. The SAF will continue to build its capability in a systematic, prudent and disciplined fashion – selectively adding important new capabilities, through the most cost-effective solutions; extending the lifespan of our current equipment by maintaining them well and upgrading where possible; and investing in networks and technologies to serve as force multipliers.

Dr Lam asked about defence R&D. We invest about 4% of our defence budget on R&D. This is a necessary and important investment as the technologies we need may not be available on the open market or those which are available may not fulfil our requirements. We have reaped healthy returns from this investment.

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Our R&D efforts have led to the successful indigenous development of advanced systems such as the Pegasus Lightweight Howitzer, the Bronco All-Terrain Tracked Carrier and the command and control systems of our frigates. These have received widespread publicity and attracted the notice of professionals, both locally and internationally over the last year.

Our R&D efforts in the airborne area have also paid off. The Defence Science Organisation (DSO) started R&D into Unmanned Aerial Vehicles about a decade ago. It worked towards developing a man-portable mini tactical UAV called the Skyblade whose primary mission is to support Army battalion operations. These

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UAVs provide the battalion with real-time video images of its area of operations, including those areas on the "other side of the hill", which you cannot see by direct observation.

Development of such mini-UAVs was technically very challenging as all the sub-systems had to be small and light-weight, yet robust and reliable. DSO engineers had to work on a design, within a very tight budget, that would include optical devices with sufficient resolution, pointing accuracy and stabilisation so that it can deliver clear video imagery. A miniaturised communications data-link had to be incorporated to transmit the video back in real time to the users. The mini-UAV also needed a good engine and a high-capacity battery pack for meaningful mission time and range, and a non-trivial problem, it had to be robust enough to survive repeated take-offs and landings in the field in very rough conditions.

After extensive trials and evolution, the design was refined and transferred to ST Engineering to produce the Skyblade III. ST Engineering then developed the production model successfully, and these UAVs are now being fielded in the Army. Following this success, R&D on UAVs is continuing with the development of a 60 kg class of tactical UAV called Skyblade IV, for use at the brigade level. Research is also ongoing with industry partners to develop unmanned underwater vehicles for underwater surveillance and mine counter-measures, and we are also looking at ground robots. These programmes illustrate the pay-offs from the investments into DSO's R&D capabilities which are a key part of the SAF's 3rd Generation transformation.

Sir, the ability to defend Singapore forms the basis of our existence as an independent nation. It is for this reason that we have invested steadily in defence, and are continuing to build a 3rd Generation SAF capable of safeguarding

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our sovereignty and vital interests for many years to come. The effectiveness of the SAF depends ultimately on our men and women, both in-service personnel and National Servicemen. At the same time, our defence also rests on the resolve and determination of all Singaporeans to defend what is ours and our support for the men and women in uniform. Dr Ng will now elaborate on our human resource, National Service, and training initiatives to bring out the best in our people. Prof. Koo will later elaborate on our wider public engagement initiatives to enhance Singaporeans' commitment to defence.

The Second Minister for Defence (Dr Ng Eng Hen): Mr Chairman, before I address Members' specific comments, I echo Deputy Prime Minister Teo's appreciation to Members of this House for their continuing support for our defence efforts.

Sir, Dr Maliki Osman and Mr Michael Palmer asked for an update on the SAF's 3G transformation, in particular its impact on human resource, their deployment and their productivity. And indeed as they have projected, our changes and our additions of platforms and the different ways we do things have had an impact. We require each SAF serviceman to take on added responsibilities and acquire new skill sets to respond adequately to a wider spectrum of threats. Deputy Prime Minister Teo said that we have undergone a fundamental review of our human resource constructs to meet these challenges. And Members will remember that during the debate on the SAF (Amendment) Bill in November last year, Deputy Prime Minister Teo explained the rationale behind the new Military Domain Experts Scheme (MDES), the Enhanced Warrant Officers Scheme and the Enhanced Officers Scheme. Let me provide an update to Parliament, but first, let me say that the response in general has been positive.

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The take-up rate of the current personnel eligible for conversion to MDES was high at 95%. One of our in-service personnel who will be converting to MDES is Lieutenant-Colonel Goh Nai Chuan, a branch head in the Navy. He said, "The MDES Scheme means that I can develop greater in-depth knowledge in my field of professional interest – logistics and supply systems – impart my experience and knowledge to the younger generation, and serve the SAF better." The initial response from the public to recruitment is also encouraging with entry-level recruitment at the Military Expert1 (ME1) level increasing by 10% in the period April to December 2009, compared to recruitment in the same period in 2008.

The Enhanced Warrant Officers Scheme and the Enhanced Officers Scheme have also been well-received. SAF Warrant Officers and Specialists (WOSpecs) have welcomed the expanded roles and responsibilities, as well as the opportunities for professional development under the Scheme. Let me give one example – Staff Sergeant Warner Poh is an Army Specialist, who says that the new 3rd Warrant Officer rank "signifies the Army's trust in the abilities of WOSpecs to take up heavier job responsibilities earlier in [their] careers." SAF Officers have also welcomed the Enhanced Officers Scheme. In particular, the option of a longer career in the SAF allows them to further deepen their expertise as leaders and commanders.

Sir, the SAF has started new programmes which provide opportunities for our servicemen to take the initiative to upgrade, so that they can better meet the complex demands of the 3rd Generation SAF while fulfilling their personal aspirations. A year ago in this House, I spoke about the new partnerships that the SAF has formed with local universities to support our Continuing Education

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programmes. Under these partnerships, relevant modules within SAF courses – some Members are familiar with the Command and Staff Course, for example – can be accredited and counted towards degrees awarded by NTU or UniSIM. I am pleased to report that to date, about 60% of last year's Command and Staff Course graduates have applied for this programme.

Warrant Officers and Specialists alike have also shown a keen interest in continual learning and skills upgrading. Dr Maliki and Mr Michael Palmer asked about these aspects. Since the SAF's tie-up with UniSIM last February, the enrolment of Warrant Officers and Specialists in UniSIM degree programmes has increased by almost 30%. At a Continuing Education Awards Ceremony in January, we awarded sponsorships for degrees, diplomas and certificate level studies at various local institutions to 152 Warrant Officers and Specialists.

Let me just give Members one example, how this is affecting people on the ground. 2WO Vijaikumar – he works in the Air Force as a Warrant Officer – I presented an award to him at that ceremony. In fact, this is his second Continuing Education Award, this time in the pursuit of a full-time degree course. His first was in 2005 where he had an award to pursue a diploma in Mechanical Engineering at Ngee Ann Polytechnic. This was an oldish guy, he went to the Polytechnic – I met him after the ceremony – and he did very well. He graduated with a 4.0 GPA, which means a perfect score, earning him a place on the Dean's List. Last year, Vijaikumar did the SAF proud again when he became the first overseas candidate to top the US Non-Commissioned Officers course in Hawaii.

Sir, Mr Michael Palmer and Dr Fatimah Lateef asked about the broader training philosophy behind Basic Military Training

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(BMT). I know many of us have gone through the BMT but let me just reiterate that is a critical part of our military training system. It engages recruits at the physical, intellectual and emotional levels. It prepares them physically for the next phase of their NS. It equips them with the professional knowledge to move on to more advanced military and vocational training. Just as important, it helps prepare them emotionally, for their overall well-being, to give them a sense of purpose and a positive identification with what NS stands for. These objectives continue to underpin our approach to BMT, even as we refine certain programmes.

As Members have pointed out, both Mr Palmer and Dr Fatimah, the majority of our recruits are graded with a Physical Employment Status (PES) of A or B. There is no change to their nine-week BMT course. There was an extension to the Physical Training Phase (PTP) from four weeks to eight weeks which I had announced in this House last year. And the aim is a simple one – to improve the fitness of our PTP recruits so that they can reach a level comparable to their direct-BMT peers at the point of entry because we found that four weeks were insufficient. Even after four weeks, there were some still lagging behind those who have gone direct, so we added another four weeks. And this has been implemented since December 2009.

Another change is the recently announced new 19-week BMT for obese recruits. The rationale is the same. Studies of previous cohorts have shown that they needed this extra time. This gives extra time for our obese recruits to improve their fitness levels and achieve better weight loss. Other refinements are the programmes for PES E and PES C recruits which are now four and nine weeks respectively. These will provide the necessary training to prepare them for

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deployment in Combat Service Support vocations after BMT.

Basically and overall, these refinements ensure that our recruits are committed, confident and ready to take on the next stage of their NS after they pass out of BMT. I should add that the overall duration of the full-time NS remains unchanged at two years.

Let me now move on to the topic of physical fitness among NS-liable students. This was a point raised by Mr Michael Palmer. MINDEF works closely with our junior colleges, polytechnics and the Institute of Technical Education (ITEs) and they want to encourage their students to achieve a high standard of physical fitness. He asked what percent of PES A and B enlistees achieved a Gold or Silver in the National Physical Fitness Award. 50% do. Such enlistees qualify for a two-month reduction from the NS duration of two years. MINDEF will continue to work with the schools to further improve the physical standards of our pre-enlistees.

Dr Lam Pin Min asked whether the Individual Physical Proficiency Test (IPPT) continues to remain relevant. It has been around for a long time and many of us remember it. The key attributes they test for are muscular strength and endurance of the upper and lower body, co-ordination, speed, agility and cardiovascular fitness. Despite modern technology, is it still relevant? We think so – it is as good a test as any. But there was a more important part which I thought he and Mr Palmer raised. It was whether in this process of the 3G transformation – indeed as they rightly pointed out, where we leverage on technology – what is the requirement? And I would say that it in no way reduces the physical fitness attributes required of our soldiers. We talked about Afghanistan, very rugged terrain. I have not been there, Deputy Prime Minister Teo went there. It is renowned for the ruggedness of the terrain. Conditions of terrain, and the

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tempo of operations will continue to demand a high fitness state for our soldiers in the execution of their combat tasks.

Mr Chairman, Ms Jessica Tan and Mr Viswa Sadasivan asked about MINDEF's policies on NS enlistment and deferment. There are clear, fundamental principles upon which these policies are based. First, NS must be for meeting a critical national need, and that critical need is our national security and our survival. We have specifically narrowed the scope because we know that it imposes considerable costs both to the individual and to the nation And we acknowledge that. As Ms Jessica Tan and Mr Viswa Sadasivan have pointed out, some people will have to defer educational pursuits, work or even reduced their income. So that critical need for national security and our survival is the only basis upon which we will impose NS.

From time to time, there have been calls to extend NS beyond this remit, to fulfil laudable social objectives. And I am referring to Mr Palmer's and Mr Seah Kian Peng's suggestion that NS should be for new citizens, those beyond the NS call-up age, so that they can better fulfil their role as responsible citizens.

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I am not in any doubt that this is a laudable social goal, but it is an inadequate reason for us to impose NS to beyond that remit of critical national security and survival. Even though these social goals are laudable, they do not meet the critical need to impose National Service.

However, other agencies do have existing programmes to integrate new citizens to help them better understand the importance of national defence. For

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instance, the People's Association organises visits for new citizens to the Army Museum. And MINDEF also organises visits for new citizens to the Basic Military Training Centre in Pulau Tekong.

The second fundamental principle of our NS is universality. All young Singaporean males who are fit to serve are conscripted. And this is easy to understand. If we have a system in which some are conscripted but others are not, there will be strong feelings of unfairness, which will undermine the commitment of our National Servicemen. This is a true test, not just maintaining their goodwill, but not undermining the commitment, because you have not been universal or fair. And the third fundamental principle of our NS is equity. That means that our NS policies are applied equitably to everyone regardless of background or status.

These three principles apply to the enlistment. They apply to every National Servicemen, including those who have returned from overseas. And they are subject to the same enlistment policies as their peers who are living or studying in Singapore.

Let me explain the context of our enlistment procedures. It is based on a number of factors, such as the individual's medical fitness, the type of training he will undertake in BMT, and our training and operational requirements. And Members are right, we do enlist a large number. And it is not possible for enlistees to be assigned their preferred enlistment date, regardless of whether they are studying in Singapore or overseas. All pre-enlistees have to wait for their turn for enlistment which takes place every quarter, and the wait-time will vary, depending on the intake they are scheduled for.

Ms Jessica Tan and Mr Viswa Sadasivan also asked if MINDEF can be

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flexible in granting NSmen deferments from their In-Camp Training (ICT), to minimise disruption to their work and studies.

NSmen from the same unit are called back for ICT at the same time. And the reason is simple, this is to enable them to train as a cohesive unit so that the unit can remain operationally ready. And that is the key priority. Nevertheless, MINDEF will help our NSmen balance their work and academic commitments with their NS obligations, where it is possible to do so. For NSmen studying in NUS, NTU and SMU, we schedule their ICT call-ups during their academic vacation period. This is possible because a sizeable pool of our NSmen who are pursuing full-time studies are in these universities, and they share a common vacation period. For NSmen pursuing full-time studies in private educational institutions, their requests for deferment from their ICT have to be considered on a case-by-case basis.

NSmen are given at least three to six months' advance notice of their NS call-ups. And I think this should be enough time for them to inform their employers, to work with them to adjust and re-prioritise their work schedules. Each NSman has a role to play and the unit is affected if he is deferred from his In-Camp Training. There is a need to strike a balance between the inconvenience caused to the NSman, the company as well as the impact on the unit if the NSman is granted deferment.

Having said that, we recognise that there are some circumstances where we have exercised flexibility in the granting of deferment for NSmen. For example, there may be situations where an NSman finds it difficult to adjust his work commitments because a few of his colleagues who could cover his duties are also being called up. In such circumstances, the commander on the ground, who is often

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an NSman himself, is in the best position to make the judgment, because it is the commander who is held accountable for the readiness of his unit.

In terms of full-time National Servicemen and enlistment, our prevailing principle that underscores these principles of equality and fairness ensures that if you are enlisted and when you finally do go to university, you do not go to university later than your peers within the same cohort.

The Minister of State for Defence (Assoc. Prof. Koo Tsai Kee): Mr Chairman, Ms Ellen Lee asked for an update on the implementation of the recommendations of RECORD V. The Government had accepted all the 18 recommendations and I am pleased to inform this House that we have already implemented about half of the recommendations.

The recommendations to increase the rank and combat allowances of our NSmen were implemented since October last year. From 1st April this year, Sir, the rank allowance increments for NSmen will be implemented. NSmen will also get their increments earlier, after one work year instead of attending 40 days of NS In-Camp Training. In addition, key command appointment holders will receive the new Command add-on allowance. This will better recognise the heavy responsibilities of our NS commanders.

Sir, another recommendation was to help NSmen balance their military training and work demands during In-Camp Training. To facilitate this, we are enhancing the business centres in the three largest training institutes where NSmen have their In-Camp Trainings. These are the Infanty Training Institutions at Jurong Camp II, Armour Training Institute at Jekung Camp and Army and Logistics Training Institute in Kranji Camp.

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NSmen can bring in their laptops and PDAs to use them at these business centres after training hours. These business centres will be equipped with Wireless Internet Access to enable our NSmen to connect to their workplaces. We have received very positive feedback from our NSmen regarding this initiative and they are looking forward to the implementation next month.

SAFRA has also begun work with the Town Councils to incorporate IPPT in community training facilities into the fitness corners in the Town Council neighbourhoods. This will be an added convenience for our NSmen to train for their IPPT. The first IPPT training facility in Hillock Park at Bukit Purmei estate is already ready for use, and another nine facilities in areas such as Bishan-Toa Payoh, West Coast, Tampines, Yishun and Tanjong Pagar will be ready over the next few months. I am heartened by the warm responses from the various Town Councils and NSmen for this project. CPL (NS) Poh Yong Cheng, an NSman whom I spoke to two days ago at the launch of the first IPPT training facility at Bukit Purmei, told me that the facility has made it easier for him to train for his annual IPPT. This is because the facility brings together all the five IPPT stations, and is also very near his home. I encourage Members of this House to speak with your constituents and explore setting up more of such facilities in your town. SAFRA is waiting to hear from you.

The remaining RECORD V's recommendations, such as the introduction of Family Recognition Vouchers for NSmen and ORD mementos for NSFs, will be implemented in the next financial year. Members of this House would have received a copy of PIONEER magazine, in which you will be able to find a progress report on the implementation of the RECORD V's recommendations.

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Sir, on Total Defence. Ms Ellen Lee asked if our approach to Total Defence has changed and how the Total Defence message can be further entrenched. This is also related to Dr Lily Neo’s question on integrating all citizens into our efforts to defend Singapore against terrorism. I would also like to thank Dr Teo Ho Pin for asking how we are engaging Singaporeans, in particular our youths, in Total Defence. Sir, today, Total Defence has become even more relevant, it is part of our life. Total Defence provides us with a whole-of-nation framework for overcoming potential threats and challenges, whether they are terrorism, pandemic outbreaks or economic downturns. It is wrong to say that Total Defence is a responsibility of the SAF, it is the responsibility of all agencies and everybody in Singapore. It is critical that all Singaporeans understand that everyone has a role to play in defending Singapore and in building a strong nation that is vigilant, prepared and resilient.

Sir, I am pleased to note that the message of Total Defence is being spread by Singaporeans from all walks of life, young and old. Instead of it being a top-down message from the Government, and certainly not just from SAF, but from all the Government agencies, it is now "viral", with Total Defence messages created and spread by the people from all walks of life. The Total Defence campaigns in 2009 and 2010 merely provided the platforms – ie, traditional and new media – especially new media these days, for Singaporeans to express themselves. Building on the "What Will You Defend?" campaign last year, the "I Will" campaign this year will ask Singaporeans to make a pledge to act on what is important to him/her, and to all of us. Singaporeans have responded enthusiastically. A total of about 27,000 pledges, mostly from schools and the grassroots, were made through various channels like the "I Will" website, pledge cards and roadshows. More, of course

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will be explored. More can be expected. The website remains open, and more roadshows will be held at the various constituencies over the year. This gives us the confidence that our young men and women understand the importance of Total Defence and will play their part when we are faced with any crisis or challenges.

Sir, we have also been engaging young people. Young people are very important, through projects such as N.E.mation (National Education animation) – Dr Teo mentioned that. It is an annual animation competition that allows them to express in their own ways what Total Defence means to them. In this year’s competition, the top 10 finalist teams were able to rally support for their clips through the use of Facebook. The teams posted behind-the-scenes photos and videos to show the progress being made in the production of their clips. As a result, the clips this year garnered some 57,000 votes from the public, almost double the number in the first competition. Many of the clips were of the highest quality. Two clips worthy of mention, first clip "Just Because" from CHIJ St. Joseph’s Convent and second clip, "Nation Moulders" from Jurong Junior College – won the Phoenix Award, for "Most Outstanding Film for a Product or Cause by a Student", in 2007 and 2008 respectively. The Phoenix Award is an annual competition in Asia that recognise creativity and professional skills in the production of commercial films, video and digital images.

These Total Defence efforts represent part of an overall layered approach to engage youths. We first start in schools with National Education, and when they are in junior colleges, polytechnics and ITEs, all male and female students will visit SAF camps to have a first-hand experience of what the SAF and NS is all about. During their full-time NS stint, besides being trained to become fighting

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soldiers, the males are given further insights into the defence of the country. And after their ORD, we continue to engage our NSmen during their annual In-Camp Training. Surveys in recent years have consistently shown that more than 90% of our people would defend Singapore should it come under threat.

Ms Indranee Rajah and Dr Maliki Osman asked how we can ensure that Singaporeans, especially the young, remain committed to defence, and how we are enhancing Singaporeans’, and particularly young Singaporeans’, appreciation of the role played by the SAF in safeguarding Singapore.

MINDEF will continue to use creative means to engage Singaporeans and enhance their personal commitment to defence. Events like the annual Total Defence campaign that I just touched on and the National Day Parade are just some examples of how we have sought to engage Singaporeans on a personal level. Many Members would remember the 8.22 pm pledge moment at last year’s NDP, that means 8pm 22 minutes, which sought to bring our entire nation together to re-affirm our commitment to Singapore by saying the pledge together.

To better foster commitment to defence among Singaporeans and let them have a better sense of what is going on in the SAF, we ought to reach out to the public, particularly our young people, through the use of new media. A good example is our cyberpioneer TV channel on YouTube. There, viewers can learn more about the SAF by watching short video clips on life in the SAF. We started the channel in December 2008, and today we have about 140 video clips garnering a total of almost 420,000 views.

Last August, MINDEF also gave our PIONEER magazine a makeover so that its content would appeal to a wider audience,

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thereby spreading the message of Total Defence. PIONEER now not only has a new and more vibrant layout, but also helps the families of our NSFs and NSmen appreciate the importance of what they are doing. We received a letter from Ms Jennifer Chow, a girlfriend of an NSF, who wrote, “I am very happy with the new PIONEER because it presents a variety of information from military to lifestyle.” Perhaps from that magazine, Ms Indranee's colleague picked up the news about her, sitting on a tank, with a tank top or without a tank top. [ Laughter .] She said, "I introduced it to my female colleagues". Similarly, Ms Stephanie Ang, a mother, wrote, “Now with the revamp of the PIONEER magazine, I can entertain myself and still be well informed of the SAF. I also have a better time communicating with my son about his army life.”

Sir, we have been fortunate that there is strong public commitment to defence and to National Service. However, we should not take this for granted. MINDEF will continue to engage all Singaporeans to strengthen their commitment to the defence of Singapore.

3.00 pm

The Chairman: Any clarifications? Mr Viswa Sadasivan.

Mr Viswa Sadasivan: I would like to thank the Second Minister for responding to my cut. Does that mean that a full-time National Service enlistee, if he is enrolled for full-time National Service in February and his course starts in September, that he might be considered for deferment when he finishes the two-year term so that he will not miss his place? I would like to seek clarification on this matter.

Also, the Second Minister did not respond to my second suggestion of

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whether the SAF will consider rationalising in instances where Operationally-Ready Servicemen are called up for In-Camp Training twice in the same calendar year because of the technicality of it falling into two financial years.

Dr Ng Eng Hen: Sir, in respond to the first question, I took some pains to explain MINDEF's approach. And, obviously, we recognise that with so many people who are enlisted and called up, it is difficult to address specific wants and concerns. Basically, we apply whether it is for enlistment or call up for ICT, three principles of universality for a critical need and for equity. In terms of that particular example, I ended my reply by saying that we want to ensure, in terms of equity, that no enlistee will enter a university later than his peers, in general. That will be the principle in which we apply. Because there are different starting terms, depending whether you are in the southern hemisphere in Australia, and with private institutions, really you could start anytime. So whatever your starting month, it is subsumed under this principle that we try to ensure that wherever the majority of the cohort enters university for that year, that those who are subsequently enlisted later will enter the university the same year as their cohort.

For the second point about the two call-ups within the same year because of the financial year, we will take that into account, look into that and respond to Mr Viswa when ready.

The Chairman: Any more clarifications? Mr Sadasivan.

Mr Viswa Sadasivan: I thank the Minister for his detailed elaboration of the 3rd Generation Force transformation efforts by the SAF – it is entirely impressive. My concern is this. As we transform and build up our capabilities, especially with higher profile inter

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nationally and in the region, and being involved in multilateral and bilateral exercises as well as being a lot more involved in humanitarian operations overseas, even though our objective for building up capabilities is as a deterrent, I am just wondering whether this has caused any anxiety or discomfort amongst our neighbours. And if so, how have we handled that?

Mr Teo Chee Hean: Sir, our defence policy is based on diplomacy and deterrence. That means in diplomacy, we make friends with everybody who wish to be friends with us and we build sincere relationships, strong relationships and personal relationships even with defence establishments all around the region. In this way, we hope that we create greater understanding of what we do for defence, and also create greater understanding on our part on what they do for defence, so that we can avoid any mistakes or misunderstandings which may give rise to friction or conflict.

From time to time, there may be people who do not understand what other countries are doing in defence. That is not unusual, but I believe that by constant and frequent engagement with other countries in the region, we will be able promote greater understanding of what we all do and how we can combine our efforts in defence together to create peace and stability in the region.

The Chairman: Any more questions? If none, Mr Palmer, would you consider withdrawing your amendment?

Mr Michael Palmer: Sir, before I withdraw my amendment, may I thank the Minister, Second Minister and Minister of State for their very insightful, informative and complete replies. On behalf of the GPC, we would like to register our support for the men and women of the SAF, the regulars, the NS full-time and the reserves. On behalf of

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my hon. colleague, Ms Rajah, I would like to assure the Minister of State that she was on top of matters and the tank did not stand a chance. I am also grateful for the Second Minister for his elevation to the status as doctor but I hear that other doctors in the House might have something to say about that. Indeed, one of my colleagues has already informed me of his objections. With that, Mr Chairman, may I seek your leave to withdraw my amendment.

Amendment, by leave, withdrawn .

The sum of $11,015,000,000 for Head J ordered to stand part of the Main Estimates.

The sum of $440,000,000 for Head J ordered to stand part of the Development Estimates.

The Chairman: Order. I propose to take the break now.

Thereupon Mr Speaker left the Chair of the Committee and took the Chair of the House.

Mr Speaker: Order. I suspend the Sitting and will take the Chair again at 3.30 pm.

Sitting accordingly suspended

at 3.08 pm until 3.30 pm